Role of Triticum aestivum aqueous extract in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in rats.

Administration of aqueous extract of T. aestivum (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, po, for 30 days) and risedronate (20 mg/kg, sc, five times a week for 30 days) following methyl prednisolone sodium succinate (10 mg/kg, sc, thrice a week for 4 weeks) induced osteoporosis in Wistar rats showed an increase in the serum levels of bone mineral content markers, decrease in the serum and urinary levels of bone resorption markers. An incline in strength of femur and tibia was seen particularly with 400 mg/kg of T. aestivum. Maintenance of calcium homeostasis, formation of collagen and scavenging of free radicals can plausibly be the mode of action of aqueous extract of T. aestivum thereby combating osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoids.

[Effect of the lack of gonadal hormones on the calcium level of tibia bone in rats]

Gonadal hormones have effect on the growth through increasing the osteoblastic activity of bone. They have influence on the calcium metabolism and therefore, are influential on the calcium level of serum and the strength of the bones. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gonadal hormones deficiency on the percentage of bone calcium of the tibia in rats. In the present experimental study 50 thirty - day - old Wistar rats comprised the sample. 25 male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Experimental group, i.e. orchidectomy ORX, [n=15] and control group, sham- operation, [n=10] and also 25 female rats were divided in the same way into 2 groups: Experimental group, i.e. ovariectomy OVX, [n=15] and control group, sham- operation, [n=10]. Samples were sacrificed 6 months after the surgery i.e. orchidectomies, ovariectomies, and sham operations. Percentage of bone calcium was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. Serum testosterone level significantly decreased in the ORX group as compared with the male sham- operated group. In this study estradiol level was not changed in OVX group, but despite the significant decrease in progesterone level [p<0.001], no significant differences in all variables were found between the OVX group and female sham- operated group. In the ORX group, body length and weight, were significantly smaller than in the male sham- operated group. No significant difference in bone calcium percentage was found [Student's t-test] between control and experimental groups. In conclusion, it seems that the suppression of gonadal hormones secretion in the growth phase cannot decrease calcium percentage of tibia bone in rats

Does Quantitative Tibial Ultrasound Predict Low Bone Mineral Density Defined by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry?

PURPOSE: Efforts for the early detection of bone loss and subsequent fracture risk by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which is a non-invasive, radiation free, and cheaper method, seem rational to reduce the management costs. We aimed in this study to assess the probable correlation of speed of sound (SOS) values obtained by QUS with bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by the gold standard method, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and to investigate the diagnostic value of QUS to define low BMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two postmenopausal women having prior standard DEXA measurements were included in the study. Spine and proximal femur (neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle) BMD were assessed in a standard protocol by DEXA. The middle point of the right tibia was chosen for SOS measurement by tibial QUS. RESULTS: The SOS values were observed to be significantly higher in the normal BMD (t score >-1) group at all measurement sites except for the lumbar region, when compared with the low BMD group (t score <-1). SOS was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.66) and month since menopause (r=-0.57). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for QUS t score to diagnose low BMD did not seem to be satisfactory at either of the measurement sites. CONCLUSION: Tibial SOS was correlated weakly with BMD values of femur and lumbar spine as measured by DEXA and its diagnostic value did not seem to be high for discriminating between normal and low BMD, at these sites.

Sinusoidal electromagnetic field of 50 hz helps in retaining calcium in tibias of aged rats.

Effect of 50Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) on normal bone physiology was evaluated in young and old female and male Wistar rats. Exposure to SEMF resulted in increased 45Ca retention in tibias of aged animals only. Levels of serum calcium in young female and male rats were significantly less than in respective aged rats. These were further decreased after 4 weeks of SEMF exposure. SEMF exposure did not change the serum calcium levels in aged rats, and inorganic phosphates in young and aged animals. Similarly, the levels of tartrate resistant acid and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in young rats, whereas the levels remained unchanged in aged rats of either sex. The results revealed that SEMF of 1mT can prevent bone calcium loss due to aging in animals.

Osteotomia valgizante de tíbia com placa "calço" de Puddu: apresentação da técnica / Valgus tibial with \"wedge\" plate of Puddu: technique presentation

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar os resultados iniciais, obtidos com a osteotomia valgizante de adição de tíbia, fixada com placa calço descrita por Puddu. Foram operados 29 joelhos em 27 pacientes para correção de geno-varo, sendo que, em apenas um paciente o procedimento bilateral teve objetivo profilático. A osteotomia proximal de tíbia foi feita de forma oblíqua iniciando na inserção distal do ligamento colateral medial em direção ao tubérculo de Gerdy. A osteotomia foi aberta e fixada com uma placa de calço Puddu. O espaço aberto da osteotomia foi preenchido por enxerto autólogo de ilíaco. A carga total era dada com 45 dias de pós-operatório. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que entre 4 a 6 meses os pacientes tiveram uma significativa melhora na sintomatologia indutora do procedimento cirúrgico. A avaliação final mostrou 27 resultados satisfatórios e apenas 2 regulares. Como conclusão essa técnica tornou a osteotomia de tíbia um procedimento reprodutível com resultados previsíveis com excelente manutenção no pós-operatório da correção obtida no trans-operatório.

Dehydroepiandrosterone-dependent induction of peroxisomal proliferation can be reduced by aspartyl esterification without attenuation of inhibitory bone loss in ovariectomy animal model

The purpose of this study was to determine whether esterification of dehydroepiandrosterone with aspartate (DHEA-aspartate) could reduce peroxisomal proliferation induced by DHEA itself, without loss of antiosteoporotic activity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized, then DHEA or DHEA-aspartate was administered intraperitoneally at 0.34 mmol/kg BW 3 times a week for 8 weeks. DHEA-aspartate treatment in ovariectomized rats significantly increased trabeculae area in tibia as much as DHEA treatment. Urinary Ca excretion was not significantly increased by DHEA or DHEA-aspartate treatment in ovariectomized rats, while it was significantly increased by ovariectomy. Osteocalcin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and cross linked N-telopeptide type I collagen level in urine were not significantly different between DHEA-aspartate and DHEA treated groups. DHEA-aspartate treatment significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic palmitoyl-coA oxidase activity compared to DHEA treatment. DHEA-aspartate treatment maintained a nearly normal morphology of peroxisomes, while DHEA treatment increased the number and size of peroxisomes in the liver. According to these results, it is concluded that DHEA-aspartate ester has an inhibitory effect on bone loss in ovariectomized rats with a marked reduction of hepatomegaly and peroxisomal proliferation compared to DHEA.

El olpadronato previene la perdida de hueso cortical y trabecular inducida por dosis suprafisiologicas de tiroxina en ratas ovariectomizadas / Olpadronate prevents cortical and trabecular bone loss induced by supraphysiological dosis of thyroxine in ovariectomized rats

En el presente estudio experimental en ratas se evaluaron los efectos de la ovariectomia (OVX) y la administración de tiroxina (T4) sobre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) del hueso cortical y trabecular. Además se estudió la eficacia del olpadronato (Olpa) para prevenir la pérdida ósea axial y periférica inducida por el exceso e hormonas tiroideas. Ratas hembras Sprague-Dawley (220 + 2 gr)se dividieron en los siguientes grupos: SHAM, OVX+Vh (Vh: vehículo); OVX+T4 (T4 250 mug/Kg peso/día); OVX+Olpa (0.3 mg de Olpa/Kg de peso/semana) y OVX+T4+Olpa (ambos: T4+Olpa). La DMO de las OVX+Vh fue significativamente menor que la de las SHAM en tibia total (p<0.01) pero no en el fémur ni en la columna lumbar. En el segmento medio de la tibia los resultados fueron similares en ambos grupos; un valor menor se observó en la parte distal (pns) y en la proximal (p <0.003) en el grupo OVX+Vh. La DMO de las OVX+T4 fue significativamente menor que la de las OVX+Vh en la tibia total (p<0.02), el fémur (p<0.006), la columna lumbar (p<0.006); además, la DMO de las OVX+T4 fue menor en todos los sectores analizados de la tibia, pero alcanzó un nivel estadísticamente significativo sólo en la parte media (p<0.004). La DMO de las OVX+Olpa fue mayor que la de las OVX+Vh en fémur (p<0.002), columna lumbar (p<0.03), tibia total (p<0.001) y tibia proximal (p<0.001). Sorprendentemente, la DMO de las OVX+Olpa fue mayor que la de las SHAM, en tibia total y proximal (p<0.05 y p<0.001, respectivamente). La DMO del grupo OVX+T4+Olpa fue significativamente mayor que el de OVX+T4 en fémur (p<0.001), columna lumbar (p<0.001), tibia total (p<0.001), tibia proximal (p<0.0001); asimismo, alcanzó niveles significativamente mayores que la de las SHAM en columna lumbar, tibia total y proximal (p<0.01 para todas ellas). El presente estudio sugiere que el hueso cortical, en condiciones de deficiencia estrogénica, sería más sensible que el trabecular al efecto de la T4. El Olpa prevendría la pérdida ósea axial y periférica del hueso inducida por un exceso de hormonas tiroideas.

Influência da reutilizaçäo de brocas na ósseointegraçäo de parafusos de titânio comercialmente puro: análises microscópicas e de torque de remoçäo em tíbias de coelhos / Reutilization influence of drills titanium screws osseointegration: microscophic analysis and removal torque in rabbits tibia

A possibilidade de reaproveitamento de brocas de aço inoxidável durante o preparo de leitos ósseos para a implantaçäo de parafusos de Ti cp vem sendo mais recentemente indicada por meio de avaliaçöes laboratoriais que, necessitam ser testadas em modelos experimentais quanto à integridade da interface osso-metal. Para avaliar se a quantidade de calor friccional gerado na interface broca-osso influencia indiretamente o comportamento ósseo, foram utilizados 15 coelhos machos albinos (peso médio 3,3 kg), sendo que cada animal recebeu 2 implantes usinados com titânio grau 1, de composiçäo certificada, tratamento de superfície com ácido sulfúrico 10 por cento, após tratamento básico. Em cada animal, um dos implantes foi utilizado para a análise histológica (determinaçäo da porcentagem ósseo-integraçäo e preenchimento das roscas) e o outro para teste mecânico da interface osso-metal (teste de força máxima de desrosqueamento). Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos de 5 coelhos cada, de acordo com as condiçöes de uso das brocas: Grupo I - brocas novas, Grupo II - brocas com 5 usos e Grupo III - brocas com 10 usos. As perfuraçöes foram iniciadas com brocas esféricas de 2 mm. e seguidas pelas brocas cilíndricas com diâmetro de 2,5 e 3,2 mm. sob irrigaçäo externa abundante e cuidadosa com soro fisiológico. O período de cicatrizaçäo observado foi de 6 semanas. Concluíndo o período de cicatrizaçäo, as peças foram obtidas para análise histológica. As lâminas foram preparadas de acordo com protocolo para material näo-descalcificado em equipamento EXACT e analisadas com processador de imagens digitalizadas. Mediu-se a porcentagem de contato linear entre osso e implante e preenchimento ósseo nas 3 primeiras e nas 3 últimas roscas de cada implante. O outro implante de cada animal foi desrosqueado com torquímetro manual e os resultados de pico de força foram anotados em Ncm. Os resultados da Análise de Variância para um Critério demonstraram näo haver diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos parâmetros de percentual de ósseo-integraçäo e preenchimento de roscas do implante entre os grupos de brocas novas e reutilizadas. Os resultados do teste de remoçäo ao torque também näo mostraram diferenças entre as condiçöes de uso das brocas analisadas